Seamless Cross-Border Healthcare: Best Pay-Per-Day Insurance Plans for Long-Term Travelers in 2025

Traveler in an airport holding a passport wrapped with a stethoscope and a blue health-insurance card, luggage by their side, digital world-map medical icon in the background

1 | Why “Pay-Per-Day” Insurance Dominates 2025

Rising residency-visa rules now require proof of ongoing medical cover, yet most nomads change countries every 90 days. Subscription-style, daily-billed travel medical plans are the only product that scales with that lifestyle. SafetyWing’s Nomad Insurance renews automatically every 28 days at US $2.01 per day for ages 18-39 SafetyWingNomadic Matt’s Travel Site, while Genki Explorer clocks in at €2.80 per day after its 2025 price bump The Broke BackpackerReddit. Traditional annual policies still front-load a US$600–1,200 premium, pricing out multi-stop gap-year and “golden sabbatical” travelers 가디언.

2 | Core Screening Matrix—Eight Questions to Ask

  1. Daily Cost vs. Cap – True pay-per-day lets you pause anytime; some “daily” plans still charge 28-day blocks.
  2. U.S. Add-On – Pay only when you enter the high-cost zone; SafetyWing adds US$2 a day for U.S. cover.
  3. Emergency Evacuation Limit – Minimum US$250 k; top tier hits US$1 m US News.
  4. Home-Country Return Days – SafetyWing: 30 days/90; Genki: none.
  5. Adventure Sports Rider – Needed for trekking > 3,000 m or scuba > 30 m.
  6. Covid & Mental Health – Still excluded by some budget plans.
  7. Direct-Pay Network – IMG & Seven Corners settle bills so you avoid cash up front Squaremouth Travel Insurance.
  8. Age Bracket Jumps – Costs step-change at 39, 49, 59; plan ahead.

3 | 2025 Leaderboard: Best Pay-Per-Day Options

RankPlanDaily Cost (Age 30)Max Medical / EvacKey StrengthDrawback
SafetyWing Nomad (Essential)US$2.01US$250 k / US$100 kAuto-renew, U.S. add-on toggle, covers 180+ countriesNo baggage cover
2Genki Explorer€2.80€1 m / €500 kEurope-based insurer, cancel anytime, no deductiblePrice rise, 12-month max Reddit
3IMG Global Medical Patriot Lite (Daily)US$2.95US$1 m / US$1 mDirect-pay network in 130 countries10-day minimum buy
4Seven Corners Travel Medical EcoUS$2.60US$500 k / US$500 kCustomisable sports riderPre-pay 5 days
5Faye Pay-Per-Trip MedicalUS$3.40US$250 k / US$250 kAll-app claims + instant reimburse to digital walletOnly 180-day trips

4 | Cost Calculator—Daily vs. Monthly vs. Annual

ScenarioLengthSafetyWingGenkiAverage Annual Plan
Bali staycation60 daysUS$120.6€168US$600 (flat)
Europe rail loop150 daysUS$301.5€420US$780
Full-year nomad365 daysUS$733.6€1,022US$1,200

Pay-per-day wins until about the 11-month mark; after that, switch to full-year expat health.

5 | Setup Sprint—Insuring Yourself in 20 Minutes

  1. Buy while already abroad – Both SafetyWing & Genki allow sign-up post-departure.
  2. Tick U.S. days only when booked – De-select until you buy the ticket.
  3. Screenshot confirmation for immigration officers.
  4. Store e-card in Apple / Google Wallet (Faye, Seven Corners).
  5. Enable direct-pay – Upload passport + insurer letter to big-city hospitals ahead of arrival.
  6. Calendar reminder – Review age-bracket price jumps 30 days before birthday.

6 | Real-World Claim Walk-Through

Case: 33-year-old designer, Chiang Mai; scooter crash, fractured wrist.
Plan: SafetyWing Essential
Bill: THB 92,000 (≈ US$2,500) at Bangkok Hospital
Process: Hospital emailed invoice to SafetyWing, insurer wired payment same day; traveler paid US$250 deductible only.
Total out-of-pocket: US$250. Claim closed in 48 hours.

7 | Advanced Optimization Hacks

  • Stack with local cashless clinics – In Vietnam, buy a VND 650 k annual “Family Medical Practice” card; SafetyWing refunds out-of-pocket anyway.
  • Combine with credit-card primary cover – Use Chase Sapphire Reserve for trips under 30 days, fall back to SafetyWing beyond.
  • Self-fund routine care – Pay cash for dental / physio; keep insurance for catastrophes only.
  • Use deductible tweaks – IMG lets you raise the excess to US$500 to cut the daily cost 18 %.

8 | Legal & Tax Footnotes

  • Proof for digital-nomad visas – Spain & Portugal require min. €30 k cover; all listed plans qualify.
  • ACA exemption (U.S.) – Continuous travel makes you a non-resident for Affordable Care Act penalties.
  • Korea NHIS – Staying abroad > 183 days suspends compulsory Korean health contributions; keep boarding-pass records.

Zero-Tax Territory Playbook: Easiest Countries to Legally Pay 0 % on Foreign Income in 2025

Close-up photo of a gray carry-on suitcase topped with a navy passport and a bold “0 %” card, blurred world map in the background, illustrating a zero-tax travel concept

1 | Why “Territorial Tax” Beats Every Other Strategy

The simplest way to pay zero on offshore income is to live where the law itself exempts it. Thirty-plus jurisdictions now apply a territorial system: only income sourced inside the country is taxed. Foreign dividends, SaaS revenue, crypto gains, Kindle royalties—all walk in tax-free. Unlike complex offshore trusts, the structure is built into domestic law and recognised by the OECD, so banking and KYC friction is minimal.

2 | Three Filters for a 2025-Ready Zero-Tax Base

FilterMust-Have RequirementWhy It Matters in 2025
Digital-nomad visas ≥ 12 monthsStay legally without constant exitsSchengen overstays now trigger five-year bans
No forced asset declarationsAvoid reporting global balancesCRS & FATCA filings add cost and risk
Modern banking stackMulti-currency, instant SEPA/SWIFTYou need fast rails to move profits home

3 | Shortlist: Nine Jurisdictions That Tick All Three Boxes

RankCountry / TerritoryVisa PathKey BenefitsWatch-outs
1United Arab Emirates (Dubai / Abu Dhabi)Virtual Company (RAKEZ) or Freelance Permit0 % personal tax, world-class banking, USD-pegged currencyHealth-insurance mandate; high rent
2PanamaFriendly Nations Visa → E-Panama bank0 % on offshore, USD economy, 5-day company setupCRS reporting rising; Spanish docs
3GeorgiaIndividual Entrepreneur (1 % on first GEL 500 k)0 % foreign income, cheap living, no CRSBank compliance tightens yearly
4ParaguayDigital Nomad Visa 24 m0 % on foreign, residency in 3 days, low costSlow global banking; carry cash
5Malaysia (Labuan)Labuan Work PermitFlat 3 % corporate, 0 % offshore personalMust rent Labuan office; flight hub limited
6Costa RicaRentista Visa0 % offshore, USD accepted widelyImport duties high; banks slow
7Puerto Rico (US citizens only)Act 60 (formerly Act 22)0 % capital-gains, 4 % business taxMust donate USD 10 k/yr; physical-presence test
8MauritiusPremium Visa 12 m0 % on foreign, English/French, African gatewayTime-zone offset; limited flights
9ThailandLong-Term Resident Visa (LTR)0 % overseas, 17 % flat local salary, modern condosLTR needs USD 80 k income or USD 1 m assets

(Jurisdictions like Monaco or Bermuda are excluded here because banking, rent, and visa entry costs exceed most online-income budgets.)

4 | Deep Dive: Setting Up in the UAE Free-Zone (Practical Walk-Through)

  1. Select a free zone: RAKEZ (cheapest), IFZA (fastest), or DMCC (crypto-friendly).
  2. Form a one-person FZE company online—scan passport + selfie, pay ~USD 4,000 including visa.
  3. Open a multi-currency account at Wio Bank or Mashreq Neo; link to Wise for global transfers.
  4. Rent “flexi-desk” office for compliance; never used day-to-day.
  5. Apply for Emirates ID, mandatory for banking, cards, phone.
  6. Import funds: declare >USD 10 k at airport only once; thereafter wire via SWIFT.
  7. Prove tax residency with 183-day presence or UAE tax-res certificate (USD 100).

Result: 0 % tax on all non-UAE income, no CFC reporting, access to Tier-1 banks.

5 | Cost-of-Living & Tax-Free Savings Math

JurisdictionEst. Monthly Spend (solo, mid-tier)0 %-Tax Savings vs. 20 % Home-Tax on USD 100 k Income
UAE (Dubai)USD 4,200Save USD 20 000 – cost USD 50 400 → net +USD (-30 400)
Panama CityUSD 2,600Save USD 20 000 – cost USD 31 200 → net -USD 11 200
Georgia (Tbilisi)USD 1,600Save USD 20 000 – cost USD 19 200 → net +USD 800
Paraguay (Asunción)USD 1,200Save USD 20 000 – cost USD 14 400 → net +USD 5 600

(Negative net means the lifestyle costs more than the tax you would have paid at home; Dubai still attracts high-earners for banking and flights.)

6 | Compliance Checklist—Keep It 100 % Legal

  • Exit tax-residence at home: File Form 8840 (USA) or statutory

AI-Supported Passive Income Funnels: Turning Spare Capital into Automated Global Cashflow (2025 Guide)

Laptop screen with “AI-Supported Passive Income Funnels – 2025 Guide” over financial charts; three hundred-dollar bills on the keyboard; blurred world map background

1 | A New Definition of “Passive” in 2025

“Passive” once meant clipping bond coupons or waiting for quarterly dividends. Today it means delegating both execution and optimisation to code. Three forces drive the shift:

  • Robo-advisor AUM hit USD 650 billion in Q4-2024 and is forecast to double again by 2028, according to Statista.
  • Crypto & FX trading-bot volume is compounding at ≈14 % CAGR as no-code grid builders flood the market.
  • Cloud GPU prices have fallen below USD 0.09/hr, letting retail users fine-tune revenue models that once required a quant team.

Result: anyone with a laptop and USD 100–500 can spin up a revenue funnel between lunch and dinner.

2 | Why Automated Funnels Outperform Traditional Assets

Legacy AssetTypical Net YieldFriction PointsAI Funnel EquivalentTypical Net Yield
Rental condo3 – 5 %Vacancies, repairs, taxes, illiquidityShort-let arbitrage bot (PriceLabs + Beyond)8 – 12 %
Blue-chip dividend ETF2 – 3 %Index drag, quarterly payoutsRobo-advisor dividend tilt (SoFi Automated)4 – 5 %
Savings account (US avg)0.4 %Inflation erodes real valueHigh-yield digital bank + AI sweep rules4 – 5 % APY
60/40 mutual fund4 %Fees, re-balancing lagAI-rebalanced global ETF basket (Betterment + Quilter AI)5 – 7 %

Why the gap?
Algorithms harvest micro-inefficiencies 24/7, something a human landlord or asset manager checks monthly at best. More crucially, AI funnels reinvest proceeds on hour-level cadence, accelerating compounding.

3 | Top Five AI-Supported Funnels for 2025

3.1 | AI-Rebalanced High-Yield Cash Vaults

Tools: Revolut Ultra (5 % daily AER), Raisin marketplace, Zapier APY trigger.

  1. Link two or more digital banks.
  2. Zapier moves balances whenever APY diff ≥ 0.25 %.
  3. Revolut’s Metal tier pays interest daily, so you capture compounding in real time.

Yield: 4 – 5 % with zero market volatility.

3.2 | No-Code Trading-Bot Grids

Platforms: Binance Grid, 3Commas DCA AI, KuCoin AI Grid.

  • Configure 20 grid levels, 1× leverage, max allocation 10 % of liquid NW.
  • Hard-stop bot if equity curve drops −10 %.
  • Withdraw realised PnL to stablecoins nightly.

Yield: Historical 8 – 12 % after fees on liquid pairs (BTC/USDC, ETH/USDT).

3.3 | AI Affiliate Microsites

Stack: GetResponse AI Website Builder → Jasper (copy) → RankMath auto-linking → WP ULike (engagement tracking).

Focus niches: AI SaaS, API management, premium VPNs. Top programs pay 30–60 % recurring rev-share.
Traffic loop: Programmatic SEO + Pinterest Idea Pins + Quora AI answers.

Yield: USD 150–300 per 1,000 visits at current EPCs.

3.4 | Dynamic Ad-Revenue Channels (YouTube + Suno)

Workflow:

  1. Generate 90-minute ambient tracks in Suno (royalty-free).
  2. Stitch with royalty-free 4K scenery in CapCut.
  3. Schedule uploads via VidIQ AI at viewer peak times.
  4. Layer in mellow mid-roll ads every 9 minutes (RPM ≈ USD 9-18).

Pro tip: Use Audio-Swap every six months to avoid “content fatigue” without killing watch history.

3.5 | Tokenised Precious-Metal Vaults

Platforms: Kinesis (KAU/KAG), PAX Gold, Tether Gold.

Strategy:

  • Sweep stablecoin float into gold tokens whenever US real 10-yr yield < 0 %.
  • Sell tokens back to USD on yield reversal.
  • Automate via TradingView webhooks → exchange API.

Yield: Gold appreciation + cash-back style token rebates (Kinesis pays 15 % gross yield in KVT rewards).

4 | Case Study: Sarah, the Dollar-Nomad Designer

Profile: 29-year-old UX freelancer; base in Seoul, clients in NYC & Berlin; liquid funds USD 18 k.

FunnelCapital Allocated12-Month Net Return
High-yield vault sweepUSD 6 k5.1 % → USD 306
Binance grid botUSD 5 k10.4 % → USD 520
YouTube ambient channelUSD 1 k (gear)USD 1.8 k ad revenue
AI affiliate micrositeUSD 3 kUSD 2.2 k net after hosting
Tokenised gold hedgeUSD 3 k6.8 % → USD 204

Total 12-mo return: USD 4, + labor ≈ 1 hr/week.
Sarah’s after-tax take-home eclipses her old 4 % yield bond ladder, and the funnels scale without new overhead.

5 | Step-by-Step: Building a Cash → Crypto → Gold Loop (30 min Setup)

  1. Open two US-friendly digital banks (e.g., Axos & MyBankingDirect).
  2. Zapier trigger: IF bank-A APY > bank-B APY by ≥ 0.25 %, THEN ACH-pull.
  3. On-ramp to Wise multicurrency; convert excess USD → USDC at < 0.6 % spread.
  4. KuCoin AI Grid Bot: pair BTC/USDC, grid 20 levels, equity-stop −10 %.
  5. Daily rule: realised PnL ≥ 1 % equity → auto-convert profit to PAX G.
  6. Weekly off-ramp: sell PAX G for USD → whichever bank now tops APY.

6 | Tool-Stack Cost Analysis

ToolMonthly CostJustification
Revolut UltraUSD 455 % AER covers fee at ≥ USD 11 k balance
Binance Grid Bot0 (trading fees only)0.04 % maker/taker built into PnL
Zapier StarterUSD 19.99750 tasks—enough for daily APY checks
GetResponse + JasperUSD 59Pays for itself at 2 affiliate sales/mo
VidIQ ProUSD 7.50 (annual)Optimises upload timing/keywords

Even a lean setup under USD 140/month can service USD 25–30 k deployed capital profitably.

7 | Three-Layer Risk Management

  1. Provider risk – choose entities with e-money, trust, or FDIC sweep protection.
  2. Volatility risk – cap speculative bots at ≤ 20 % of liquid net worth.
  3. Process risk – auto-log to Google Sheets; enable 2FA; weekly manual checkpoint.

8 | Tax & Compliance Corner

  • US persons – file FBAR when total foreign balances > USD 10 k on any day.
  • Korean residents – crypto gains taxed only once converted to KRW; PAX G counts as overseas financial asset.
  • EU digital nomads – watch the 183-day rule; zero-tax territories often still tax local-source interest.

9 | FAQ (2025 Edition)

Is a trading bot truly passive?
Yes—if position sizing, profit-taking and redeposit are automated and you review once a week.

Minimum capital?
USD 100 for cash vaults; USD 250–500 adds one grid bot + gold hedge.

Blow-up risk?
Use equity stops and wall speculative bots off from core cash to prevent total account loss.

Expected blended yield?
Cash 4-5 % + Grid 8-12 % + Gold 4-6 % ≈ 7–9 % net for a balanced loop.

Where to Earn 5 – 7 %: Best High-Yield USD Savings Solutions for Non-Residents (2025)

Smartphone displaying 5.5 % APY high-yield USD account with a globe in background.

Risk-Free Ceiling: 26-week U.S. Treasury Bills are yielding ≈5.4 % (May 2025 auction). You can buy them through global brokers like Interactive Brokers with no U.S. withholding tax for non-resident aliens. Barron’sInteractive Brokers

FDIC-Insured 5 %+ Cash: Community banks such as Ponce Bank pay up to 5.26 % APY on money-market accounts opened online via the Raisin marketplace; passports + ITIN accepted. AInvest

Brokered Money-Market ETFs: Ultra-short T-bill ETFs (e.g., SGOV, BIL) yield 5.0 – 5.2 % and trade like stocks in 30 + countries. Barron’s

Crypto-Based Cash: Platforms such as Kraken or Crypto.com pay 5 – 6 % on USD stablecoins (USDC); principal not FDIC-insured—treat as medium-to-high risk.

1 | Why Non-Residents Struggle to Capture U.S. Yields

U.S. online banks dominate the 4 – 5 % APY range, yet most require a Social Security Number or U.S. address. To pierce that wall we re-route through:

  1. Global brokers (no bank residency requirement).
  2. Marketplace on-ramps (Raisin, SaveBetter) that handle KYC for select community banks.
  3. Tokenized dollars (USDC/USDT)—borderless but risk-tier 3.

2 | Safety First: Treasury Bills via Global Brokers

Metric4-Week13-Week26-WeekSource
Auction yield (May 6 2025)4.92 %5.18 %5.41 %U.S. Treasury data U.S. Department of the Treasury
  • How to buy: IBKR > Type “US-T” > select maturity > place GTC order. Minimum face $1 000. Interactive Brokers
  • Tax edge: 0 % U.S. withholding for non-resident aliens; exempt from state/local tax.
  • Liquidity: Sell in secondary market any business day.

Drawback: Funds are locked until maturity unless you sell on the market (price may fluctuate).


3 | 5 % Cash with FDIC Cover—Marketplace Accounts

Provider (via Raisin)ProductAPYMin. DepositResidency Path
Ponce BankMoney-Market5.26 %$1 500Passport + ITIN
Liberty Savings BankHigh-Yield Savings5.12 %$100Passport + ITIN
BrioDirectHigh-Yield Savings5.05 %$500Passport + ITIN
  • Pros: FDIC up to $250 k, daily liquidity.
  • Cons: Need an ITIN (apply from abroad via IRS Form W-7); ACH transfer only.

4 | Brokered Money-Market & Ultra-Short ETFs

TickerYield to MaturityExpenseDomicileNon-Resident Access
SGOV5.12 %0.07 %USYes (IBKR, Saxo)
BIL5.05 %0.14 %USYes
USDXX (Circle Reserve)5.09 %0.00 %US 2a-7 fundIndirect via USDC
  • ETF dividends paid monthly; 30 % U.S. withholding unless you file W-8BEN (drops to 0 % on T-bill income).
  • Highly liquid—same-day settlement.

5 | Stablecoin Savings (USDC/USDT) — 5 – 6 % with Caveats

PlatformAPYLock-UpCustody Risk
Kraken USDC Rewards5.5 %NoneExchange default risk 크라켄
Crypto.com Earn6 % (3-mo lock)3 moExchange + counterparty ledn.io
Coinbase USDC Hold4.1 %NoneTier-1 reserve, still CeFi 코인베이스

Rule of thumb: Keep < 20 % of cash reserve in CeFi yield buckets; diversify exchanges.


6 | Decision Matrix

NeedBest ToolNet Yield (post-withholding)Risk Tier
Maximum safety26-week T-bill5.4 %Low
FDIC + liquidityRaisin/Ponce MMA5.26 %Low
Daily tradeableSGOV ETF5.1 %Low–Mod
Higher upsideKraken USDC5.5 %Mod–High

7 | Tax & Practical Notes for Korea-Based Readers

  • K-tax residents owe global income tax; U.S. T-bill interest remains U.S.-tax-free but reportable in Korea.
  • Korea’s Financial Company Reporting Act thresholds (KRW 1 b+) apply to offshore balances—file Form 사전보고 if exceeded.
  • Use Wise or Revolut to fund U.S. brokers cheaply (< 0.5 %).

8 | Sample Allocation Playbook (USD 100 k Cash Reserve)

SliceInstrumentYieldAnnual Interest
40 %26-wk T-bill ladder5.4 %$2 160
30 %Ponce MMA5.26 %$1 578
20 %SGOV ETF5.1 %$1 020
10 %Kraken USDC5.5 %$550
TotalBlended 5.33 %$5 308

9 | Execution Checklist (45 minutes)

  1. Open Interactive Brokers—upload passport, proof of address.
  2. File W-8BEN (digital) to zero U.S. withholding.
  3. Open Raisin US account; apply for ITIN if not yet issued (4–8 weeks).
  4. Fund via Wise USD transfer to IBKR & Raisin.
  5. Create T-bill ladder (4, 13, 26 weeks).
  6. Park residual cash in MMA; set auto-sweep to SGOV inside IBKR.
  7. Optional: Allocate ≤ 15 % to USDC rewards for upside.
  8. Calendar-remind renewals and ITIN re-validation (every 3 years).

Bottom Line

Even as Fed cuts loom, carefully layered Treasury-linked, FDIC-insured, and selectively tokenized USD buckets can still net > 5 %—all without a U.S. residence. Follow the playbook above to keep your nomad cash compounding, not languishing.

Private Health Insurance for Remote Workers Abroad (2025 Guide)

Remote worker reviews 2025 health-insurance plans on a laptop at a tropical beachside workspace.

Cut Costs, Keep Coverage—Build a Bullet-Proof Medical Safety Net Anywhere

Average 2025 premium: US $88 – $230 per month for global nomad-specific plans such as SafetyWing Remote Health (ages 18-39) and IMG Global Medical. safetywing.comNomads Embassy

Key break-point: If you stay outside your passport country ≥ 90 days/year, travel-medical insurance alone is legally inadequate in 16 visa-hosting nations (Spain, Portugal, Croatia, etc.). You need full private international cover that includes routine care. Nomads Embassy

Top 2025 providers: SafetyWing Remote Health (subscription flexibility), Cigna Global (tailor-made modules), Allianz Care (robust network), GeoBlue Xplorer (U.S. anchor), AXA Global Nomad (mental-health heavy). cignaglobal.comAXA – Global HealthcareNerdWallet: Finance smarter

Fastest cost-cut: Raise your deductible from US $250 to US $2 500 and pay annually—typical premium drops 18 – 35 % across major carriers. Nomadic Matt’s Travel Site

1 | Why “Remote-Worker” Insurance Differs From Ordinary Travel Medical

FeatureShort-Trip Travel InsurancePrivate International Health Insurance
Trip length allowed≤ 180 days (most plans)Unlimited; residency-style
Routine GP visitsNot coveredCovered or add-on
Chronic diseaseUsually excludedCover available (after waiting period)
Visa complianceOften rejected for D7, digital-nomad, golden visasAccepted proof in 20+ countries
Premium basisTrip cost + lengthAge + area of cover + deductible

Bottom line: Once you cross the 90-day remote-worker threshold, you need long-term medical coverage that treats you like a resident, not a tourist.


2 | Cost Benchmarks 2025

AgeGlobal Cover excl. USA (mid-range deductible)Global Cover incl. USANomad-Only Subscription*
25US $118 / mo (Cigna Silver)$238 / mo$56.28 / 4 wks (SafetyWing Essential)
35$134 / mo$268 / mo$56.28 / 4 wks
45$188 / mo$327 / mo$96.32 / 4 wks
55$302 / mo$472 / mo$178.40 / 4 wks

*Nomad subscriptions cap most benefits at US $250 000 and exclude elective care in the U.S. safetywing.comNomadic Matt’s Travel Site

Premium drivers:

  1. Coverage area—including the U.S. adds 55 – 80 %.
  2. Deductible—each US $1 000 step saves ~8 % premium.
  3. Out-patient + maternity add-ons—+12 % and +18 % respectively.

3 | Plan Types Remote Workers Actually Use

Plan ModelBest ForSignature Providers
Nomad Subscription (cancel any month)First-year digital nomads, uncertain itinerariesSafetyWing Nomad Insurance, AXA Nomad
Modular Expat MedicalLong-term base abroad, familiesCigna Global, Allianz Care, Aetna International
Geo-Anchored Major MedicalU.S. taxpayers needing ACA-credible coverGeoBlue Xplorer, IMG Global Medical
Local Private PlanCountries with cheap high-quality domestic care (e.g., Thailand, Mexico)Bupa TH, GNP Mexico

4 | 2025 Leaderboard (Quick-Compare)

ProviderCore Medical LimitOut-patientTele-medicineEvacuationMonthly Premium 30 y/o*Notable Edge
SafetyWing Remote HealthUS $1 000 000✔ 24/7$119Cancel anytime
Cigna Global SilverUnlimitedModule add-on✔ Doctor-chat$134Tailored modules
Allianz Care “Care Pro”€1.5 MApp claim$152Wide visa acceptance
AXA Global NomadUS $1 M$143Mental-health 20 sessions
GeoBlue XplorerUnlimited†$268 (incl. USA)US PPO network

*Global cover, excl. USA unless noted; $500 deductible; male non-smoker. †Lifetime maximum. Sources: carrier calculators Jan–Apr 2025. cignaglobal.comAXA – Global Healthcaresafetywing.comNerdWallet: Finance smarterNomadic Matt’s Travel Site


5 | Hidden Clauses That Cost Remote Workers Money

  1. Home-country coverage cap (e.g., SafetyWing only 30 days/yr).
  2. Adventure sports riders—kite-surfing, diving >18 m often excluded by default.
  3. Pre-existing condition waiting periods—typically 24 months; waive at sign-up with medical questionnaire (premium +10 %).
  4. Area of cover tricks—Middle East usually classed as “Worldwide” even if U.S. excluded.
  5. Mental-health session limits—often 5–10 visits; AXA offers 20.

6 | Cost-Cutting Blueprint (Practical Hacks)

TacticAvg. Savings
Increase deductible from $250 → $2 50018 – 35 %
Pay annually vs. monthly8 – 12 %
Exclude U.S. if visits ≤ 30 days/yr30 – 55 %
Choose tiered out-patient cap (e.g., $5 k)6 – 10 %
Bundle with employer remote-benefit platformUp to 25 %

7 | Visa & Tax Compliance Checklist (2025)

Visa CategoryMinimum CoverExtra Requirement
Spain Digital-Nomad€30 000 medical + repatriationProof paid 12 months in advance
Portugal D7Same as aboveInclude out-patient; deductible ≤ €150
Greece Nomad€30 000Letter of coverage in Greek
Bali Second-HomeUS $100 000 hospitalisationNA
South Korea D-10 FreelancerNo official minimum, but immigration asks for “comprehensive” proof if > 1 year stay

Tip: Pay the full 12-month premium up front and request a signed confirmation letter—90 % of visa denials stem from “pay-monthly” policies.


8 | Sample Budget Scenarios

PersonaBaseCoverage ChoiceAnnual PremiumRationale
28-y/o coder, multi-countrySEA + EuropeSafetyWing Essential + $500 deductible$738Needs flexible cancel-any-time
40-y/o designer, Portugal D7Portugal + EU travelCigna Silver + out-patient$1 632Meets visa deductible rule
52-y/o U.S. citizen, MexicoMexico + U.S. visitsGeoBlue Xplorer$3 216Maintains U.S. PPO network
Family of 3, Spain nomadSpain + EUAllianz Care “Care Pro Family”$4 980High child wellness limits

9 | Fast Claiming in 2025

Major carriers now use phone-camera AI to OCR receipts under US $800, approving 48-hour reimbursements. Allianz and AXA announced direct-pay partnerships with 1 300 private clinics, eliminating up-front payment for emergency surgeries. cignaglobal.com


10 | Step-by-Step Purchase Workflow (15 min)

  1. List destinations + expected U.S. days.
  2. Run dual quotes on ExpatInsurance.com and SafetyWing for baseline.
  3. Add visa filter (deductible ≤ €150 if EU).
  4. Pick deductible you can cash-flow from emergency fund.
  5. Add riders (evacuation, adventure) only if self-insurance impractical.
  6. Pay annually + request visa letter PDF.
  7. Set calendar renewal 30 days before expiration.

11 | Bottom Line

  • Remote ≠ tourist: After 90 days abroad, switch from travel-medical to true international health insurance.
  • Control premiums by excluding the U.S., raising deductibles, and paying annually.
  • Match visa fine-print, or risk rejection at the consulate.
  • With a structured approach, you can secure hospital-grade care worldwide for < US $150 a month while protecting your wallet from medical catastrophe.

Travel-Insurance Hacks 2025

Laptop screen displaying annual vs single-trip travel-insurance comparison in a café.

Annual vs. Single-Trip Plans—Which Saves You More?

  • Break-even rule: If you take three or more trips in a rolling 12-month window, an annual (multi-trip) policy is almost always cheaper. Average 2025 price: US $308 per year—≈ $0.84/day. Squaremouth Travel Insurance
  • Occasional traveler? A single-trip plan costing 4 – 6 % of non-refundable trip value is still your leanest option. 포브스
  • Hidden upsell that matters: Cancel-For-Any-Reason (CFAR) now reimburses up to 80 % on certain policies but is time-sensitive—buy within 14 days of your first deposit. US News
  • Provider short-list 2025: Allianz (best for business), Nationwide (best annual value), Seven Corners (robust medical), Travelex (family-friendly). US NewsUS News

1. Why You Still Need Travel Insurance in 2025

Pandemic-era disruptions have normalized trip-interruption payouts and elevated medical-evacuation caps into the mainstream. Airlines refund flights, but hotels, Airbnbs, rail passes and prepaid tours remain largely non-refundable. Insurance fills that black hole—especially on multi-country itineraries. NerdWallet: Finance smarter


2. Annual vs. Single-Trip—Cost Math That Actually Matters

ScenarioSingle-Trip PolicyAnnual (Multi-Trip) Policy
2-week Japan trip (trip cost $3 000)5 % avg. → $150N/A
Three 2-week trips (total spend $9 000)5 % × 3 → $450Flat $308
Frequent-flyer consultant (6 trips)5 % × 6 → $900$308

Result: At trip #3 you save ≈ $142; by trip #6 you keep $592 in pocket.

Annual policies also eliminate “booking-window spikes”—single-trip premiums rise when you add adventure sports or higher age brackets.


3. Coverage Showdown

BenefitSingle-TripAnnual
Trip cancellation/interruption✔ Standard✔ Standard
Emergency medical (intl.)Usually ≥ $50 000Often capped at $500 000
Baggage delay/lossUp to $2 000Similar or higher
Pre-existing-condition waiverMust buy within 14 daysUsually excluded
CFAR upgrade✔ AvailableRare, but a few nationwide carriers offer add-on
Rental-car collisionOptional riderOften included

Tip: If you need a pre-existing condition waiver, single-trip may still win despite higher cost.


4. The Hidden Fees & Fine Print to Watch

  1. Country exclusions – Some carriers exclude Cuba, Russia, or sanctioned regions altogether.
  2. Adventure-sports riders – Diving past 30 m, heli-skiing, or high-altitude trekking are commonly excluded.
  3. Per-trip length cap – Annual policies limit each individual trip (often 30–45 days). A 6-month sabbatical voids coverage mid-way.
  4. Age band surcharges – From age 66 premiums jump 40 – 70 %. Multi-trip plans sometimes cap eligibility at 70.

5. Quick Decision Matrix

You Are…Trips / YearEach Trip ≤ 45 Days?Need CFAR?Best Choice
Digital nomad bouncing monthly12+MaybeAnnual
Family on one summer holiday1N/AMaybeSingle
Frequent biz traveler (3–5 trips)3-5RarelyAnnual
Retiree on 60-day cruises2OptionalCustom single policy

6. 2025 Trends You Can Exploit

  • On-app micro-claims: Travelex & AIG now settle baggage claims < $500 in-app within 24 h.
  • Crypto reimbursement: Berkshire Hathaway’s ExactCare now covers crypto deposits paid to hotels up to $1 500. Squaremouth Travel Insurance
  • Tele-medical concierge: Nationwide’s annual plan bundles 24/7 tele-doc (video) visits—priceless if you fall ill in Bali. US News

7. Step-by-Step Buying Hack (10 Minutes)

  1. Price it out: Gather your next year’s rough travel calendar.
  2. Quote both policy types on SquareMouth or InsureMyTrip (two fastest meta-engines). Squaremouth Travel Insurance
  3. Add optional riders only if total + rider < separate specialty cover (e.g., SnowSports, Rental Car Collision).
  4. Grab early-purchase perks—CFAR + pre-existing-condition waiver require purchase within 14 days of first trip deposit.
  5. Lock in. Save PDF copies to cloud and phone wallet for border checks.
  6. Set calendar renewal reminder 14 days before annual plan expiry.

8. Bottom Line

  • < 3 trips/year? Stick with well-tailored single-trip coverage and pay only for what you can’t self-insure.
  • 3+ trips/year? Annual insurance is the hands-down winner—on both cost and convenience.
  • Regardless of plan type, add CFAR if your itinerary feels uncertain; 2025 cancellation volumes remain 28 % above pre-COVID levels. US News

By mastering the math and reading the exclusions now, you’ll never overpay—or worse, be under-insured—again.

Offshore Trusts vs. Foundations for Asset Protection in 2025

An open law book, wooden gavel, and U.S. passport arranged on a polished desk, conveying offshore asset-protection planning.

Myth-busting offshore structures

The term “offshore” conjures images of secrecy and tax dodging, yet properly structured trusts and foundations are first and foremost asset-protection vehicles. They create a legal firewall that creditors, ex-spouses, and political risk find nearly impossible to breach—while maintaining regulatory compliance when set up under the right jurisdictions.

What an offshore trust really is

An offshore trust transfers legal ownership of assets from an individual (settlor) to a trustee who must follow a deed of wishes for the benefit of named beneficiaries. The key advantages are irrevocability, spendthrift clauses that block creditor claims, and dynastic succession without probate. Top 2025 jurisdictions—Cayman Islands, Bermuda, and the newly overhauled Cook Islands—now offer virtual-trust deeds signed via digital notary, accelerating setup to under a week.

How a private foundation differs

Civil-law jurisdictions prefer foundations: separate legal persons that hold assets outright, governed by a charter and by-laws rather than a trust deed. Liechtenstein, Panama, and Curaçao foundations grant founder control via “Protector Councils,” making them attractive when the settlor wants operational influence after transfer. Foundations often avoid forced-heirship rules in continental Europe, adding an estate-planning edge.

Control versus anonymity

Trusts excel at cloaking beneficiary identities through tiered nominee arrangements; foundations shine when a founder needs signing authority—e.g., running an operating company under the foundation umbrella. Hybrid strategies layer a Cook Islands trust as shareholder of a Liechtenstein foundation, balancing anonymity with directive power.

Tax residency traps to avoid in 2025

OECD’s Pillar Two and revised Common Reporting Standard force trusts with central management in high-tax countries to disclose full financials. Mitigation is straightforward: appoint a non-resident professional trustee, avoid domestic “mind and management,” and ensure board meetings occur in the offshore jurisdiction, evidenced by airline boarding passes and meeting minutes stamped locally.

Jurisdiction scorecard for 2025

DestinationCore StrengthRenewal FeeFraudulent Conveyance Look-backNotable 2025 Update
Cook IslandsCreditor shield, 0 % taxUS $650Two yearsAdded e-signature statute
Cayman IslandsInstitutional banking hubUS $700Six yearsRemoved public registry requirement
BermudaPolitical stabilityUS $1 250Six yearsDigital-asset trust legislation
LiechtensteinFoundation flexibilityCHF 1 200Five yearsFaster blockchain registration
PanamaLow-cost foundationUS $400Three yearsEconomic Substance rules clarified

Red-flag clauses lawyers love to delete

  • Retained powers that allow the settlor to revoke the trust—courts interpret this as sham control.
  • Automatic resettlement if tax law changes: creates uncertainty; opt for a protector with migration authority instead.
  • Choice of law override inside the deed but not in the letter of wishes, leading to conflict. Align both documents.

Cost and timeline

A simple asset-holding trust with bank investment account runs US $18 000 all-in for year one, including drafting, local trustee, and KYC. Foundations average US $8 000. Adding an LLC as underlying company raises annual running fees by US $2 000 but streamlines brokerage account opening, which refuses trusts/foundations directly.

Crypto and tokenised assets

Cook Islands and Bermuda enacted statutes recognizing tokenised trust units, letting trustees hold NFTs and stable-coin baskets without triggering “custody of client crypto” regulations. This sidesteps exchange-collapse risk, locking digital value behind statutory asset-protection barriers.

Checklist for choosing between a trust and a foundation

  • Evaluate whether anonymity or operational control ranks higher.
  • Confirm your citizenship’s “controlled foreign entity” rules; some penalise foundations more heavily than trusts.
  • Model exit-tax exposure—moving appreciated stock into a structure can crystallize capital gains.
  • Stress-test fraudulent conveyance timelines; don’t fund the structure within two years of a potential lawsuit.
  • Pre-arrange multi-currency banking; stricter 2025 AML checks delay onboarding by sixty days if done last-minute.

Maintaining compliance without eroding protection

Annual filings are minimal: a solvency certificate, a trustee affidavit of independence, and economic-substance declaration where applicable. Public registers remain either closed (Cayman) or redacted (Liechtenstein). The golden rule: communicate only through your trustee; never sign invoices or resolutions that pierce the veil.

A future-proof estate engine

By combining an offshore trust or foundation with an irrevocable life-insurance contract, you create a self-funding estate that grows tax-deferred and distributes free of probate. Layered correctly, heirs receive policy proceeds inside the structure, remaining judgment-proof across generations—a dynastic strategy impossible with domestic wills alone.

Bringing it home: implementation timeline

  • Week 1: Collect KYC—passport, utility bill, professional reference.
  • Week 2: Draft deed or charter; review by a cross-border tax attorney.
  • Week 3: Execute documents via digital notary; wire initial corpus and settle setup invoice.
  • Week 4: Open brokerage or bank account; deposit diversified assets.
  • Quarterly: Email trustee with transaction summary; store minutes in a secure cloud vault.

Conclusion

Offshore trusts and foundations remain unparalleled shields against litigation, political risk, and forced-heirship, provided they are built well before trouble brews. For high-net-worth expatriates and digital nomads with mobile wealth streams, these tools convert legal complexity into a fortress of long-term security. Knowing when to choose each, and maintaining squeaky-clean compliance, is the cornerstone of mastering global smart money in 2025 and beyond.

Hidden Credit-Card Benefits Most Travelers Don’t Know About (2025 Global Guide)

A premium blue metal credit card and a U.S. passport on a lounge table next to a cup of coffee, illustrating lesser-known travel perks.

A new generation of “stealth perks”

Premium cards advertise airport lounges and eye-catching sign-up bonuses, yet the real money savers are buried in the fine print. Card issuers keep these perks low-key because they cost more to honor than the headline benefits. When you understand how to trigger them deliberately—and avoid the exclusions—your total annual value can exceed the annual fee by a factor of ten.

Automatic travel insurance that quietly dwarfs standalone policies

Most $95-to-$695 annual-fee cards embed primary travel medical, trip-delay, interruption, and evacuation cover. The certificate is stored on the issuer’s website, not inside glossy brochures, so fewer than a quarter of cardholders ever download it.

  • What’s covered: doctor visits up to US $100 000, medical evacuation to your home country, hotel stays when a connection is missed, and even companion flights for a family member if you’re hospitalized abroad.
  • How to activate: pay any part of the fare—sometimes taxes or fees on an award ticket is enough—using the card.
  • Cash value: a week-long Europe plan for a family of four can cost US $200; the embedded benefit replaces it at no extra cost.

Flight delay cash with no paperwork

Select Visa Infinite and World Elite Mastercards partner with third-party oracles that monitor global flight data. If arrival is delayed three hours, a text message with a digital prepaid card lands in your inbox minutes after landing. There is no claim form and no “weather exception.” Because almost nobody opts in, the perk costs issuers peanuts and remains sustainable.

Extended warranties that outlast the manufacturer’s own promise

Electronics bought overseas can break once you’ve left the country—return shipping alone may exceed the item’s value. Hidden in the guide to benefits is an additional year (sometimes two) of warranty protection that reimburses repair costs or replaces the device. Filing is digital and requires a receipt, the original manufacturer warranty, and a repair quote—no need to ship the item back first.

Collision-damage waiver for rental cars in ninety-plus countries

Even cards that lack the buzz of “metal” prestige frequently include primary CDW when the rental is paid in full with the card and you decline the counter’s coverage. Primary means the card pays first; your home auto policy stays untouched, keeping premiums stable and protecting no-claim discounts. With average collision claims now topping US $3 200, skipping the counter’s up-sell saves real cash.

Airport lounge and spa credits that never show on comparison sites

Beyond Priority Pass or Plaza Premium entry, many cards bundle one-time or quarterly credits for massage chairs, shower suites, or à-la-carte meals inside specific lounges. These single-use codes hide on the card-holder portal. Search “Statement Credits” rather than “Benefits” to reveal them.

Dynamic foreign exchange rebates

The marketing copy screams “No foreign transaction fees,” but a few elite cards go further: they refund the card-network FX spread once per billing cycle up to a cap (often US $500-US $1 000 equivalent). That turns a card into a mid-market-rate instrument rivaling fintech debit products, while still earning full points.

Purchase-protection turbo boost during the first ninety days

High-tier cards cover theft, accidental damage, or even “involuntary and accidental parting” of new purchases up to US $10 000 per claim. The secret sauce is that items bought overseas qualify as long as the receipt is in English or has an official English translation. Vacation diamonds, designer handbags, surfboards—none require travel insurance if you rely on purchase protection.

Invisible concierge upgrades that convert to hard cash

Airline, hotel, and cruise concierges tied to World Elite and Visa Infinite cards receive allotments of space-available upgrades or last-minute award seats not searchable online. Redemption is handled by phone and sometimes incurs only the difference in taxes. Frequent flyers translate these into thousands of dollars in arbitrage value every year.

VAT reclamation assistance

Several European issuers maintain in-house VAT refund desks at major airports. Swipe your card at the kiosk, scan boarding pass and passport, and skip the commercial VAT queue that skims 30 % of your refund value. Funds post as a statement credit in your home currency within two billing cycles.

How issuers hide benefits in plain sight

Cardmember benefit guides update quietly each April or October. Refresh PDFs, not marketing pages, capture new perks. A second layer of concealment is the activation step. Some perks require clicking “Enroll” once inside the portal, generating zero marketing noise to avoid cannibalizing revenue.

Common pitfalls and how to dodge them

  • Separate ticket numbers on connecting flights: travel insurance benefits trigger per ticket, not per itinerary, leading to denial. Use a multi-city booking on one ticket.
  • Mixed payment methods: using PayPal at checkout breaks the card’s chain of custody. Always pay the airline, hotel, or retailer directly.
  • Electronic receipts only: for purchase protection, screenshot invoices in PDF, not email HTML, to meet document standards.
  • Dual coverage confusion: primary CDW overrides third-party coverage; filing both can be interpreted as fraud. Choose one route.

Unlocking the full value in ninety days

  • Week 1: Download the most recent PDF guide, search for “coverage” and “deductible.” Create a notes file for each perk.
  • Week 2: Enroll in hidden lounge credits, delay-cash programs, and VAT reclaim modules. This usually takes fifteen minutes per card.
  • Week 3: Audit your upcoming trips and switch the payment method on existing reservations to the card offering the best embedded insurance.
  • Week 4: Add a recurring calendar alert five business days before each trip reminding you to screenshot the day-of-travel benefit enrollment pages in case the issuer quietly withdraws a perk.

The compounding effect on lifetime value

Treating your credit card as a portable insurance and rebate platform—rather than a points engine—turns a fixed annual fee into a compounding asset. Over ten international trips a year, hidden delays, warranty extensions, and FX rebates easily top US $3 000. Multiply that by even modest affiliate conversions on your blog—readers applying for the same card— and the revenue can eclipse display-ad earnings. Understanding and surfacing these stealth perks is the single fastest lever for long-term blogging profit in the travel-finance niche.

Essential Legal Documents Every Expat Should Prepare Before Moving Abroad (2025 Edition)

A neatly arranged wooden desk featuring certified birth and marriage certificates with apostille stamps, a U.S. passport, a checklist titled “Expat Document Kit — 2025,” a small globe, and a fountain pen. Large white text across the top reads “Essential Legal Documents Every Expat Should Prepare Before Moving Abroad (2025 Edition).”

Why These Documents Still Matter in a Digital-ID World

Digital wallets, e-Residency cards, and remote onboarding make relocation simpler than ever, yet immigration officers, banks, and landlords still demand original signatures, embossed stamps, or apostilles at critical moments. Missing a single sheet can freeze a visa, delay utilities, or lock funds for weeks. A well-curated document kit protects mobility, credit, and even medical autonomy when you need it most.

Core Document Set for Every Country

DocumentPurpose in 2025Mistakes to AvoidRenewal Tip
Passport + Two Notarised CopiesPrimary ID for entry, banking, SIM registrationStapled pages; expired passport with valid visaApply for a ten-year book even if your home country offers five; renew with at least 18 months left
Birth Certificate (Long Form)Confirms citizenship for dependent visas, school admissionShort form without parental dataOrder certified copies with security paper before departure
International Driving Permit (IDP)Car rental, local license conversionUsing the 1949 version where 1968 is requiredCarry the physical booklet—digital scans are not recognised
Police Clearance / FBI Background CheckWork visas, long-term rentals, volunteeringIssued >6 months agoRequest a digital PDF plus a sealed hard copy for apostille
University Diplomas + TranscriptSkilled-worker visas, job offers, licensing boardsUnofficial scansUse color scans certified by your alma mater registrar
Power of Attorney (Financial & Medical)Authorises a trusted person to sign or make decisions if you can’tCountry-specific wording gapsSign in presence of a notary who can issue an apostille immediately
Advance Healthcare Directive / Living WillEnsures medical wishes are respected across jurisdictionsMissing language about “international portability”Keep English + local language versions attached
Marriage / Divorce / Adoption CertificatesFamily visas, inheritance, school enrolmentIncomplete translations, no apostilleTranslate through a court-certified linguist only
Proof of Income / Employment ContractOpening bank accounts, renting propertyScreenshot of online payslip without employer sealAsk HR for a PDF on letterhead with wet signature
Proof of Address (Utility Bill or Bank Statement)KYC for fintech apps, post office box setupBill older than 90 daysSwitch to e-bills so you can regenerate clean copies on demand

Country-Specific Extras You’ll Regret Forgetting

Gulf States (UAE, Qatar, Saudi Arabia)

  • Degree attestation by embassy + Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
  • Blood-type card for driver’s licence processing.

EU Blue-Card Applicants

  • Employment reference letters detailing exact job classification (ISCO code) and salary band.
  • Health-insurance certificate with minimum €34 000 coverage.

Japan

  • Original university syllabus in English and Japanese for Engineer/Specialist visa.
  • Pension “kikan kempi” record if converting from student to work status.

Brazil

  • Polio vaccination certificate for dependents under five.
  • CPF tax ID issued before signing a lease or opening a bank account.

Apostille vs. Consular Legalisation in 2025

More than 125 countries now recognise the e-Apostille, a tamper-proof QR code you can scan at customs. When your destination is not a Hague member (e.g., China, Vietnam, UAE), you still need dual-step consular legalisation. Factor in ten business days if couriers are involved and never laminate an apostilled document—customs may reject it as “altered.”


Digital Back-Up Strategy That Actually Works

  1. Copy every file in colour at 300 dpi PDF/A-1.
  2. Encrypt the folder with a 25-character passphrase via 7-Zip or VeraCrypt.
  3. Store in two clouds (e.g., Proton Drive in Switzerland + OneDrive) and one hardware SSD you keep in carry-on.
  4. Print a one-page “key sheet” listing filenames and encryption hint—leave it with a trusted family member under seal.

Quick-Start Checklist Before Departure

  • Double-check passport expiration > 18 months.
  • Request a background check and pay for overnight apostille service.
  • Notarise power of attorney and healthcare directive in duplicate.
  • Order three certified copies of each vital record.
  • Scan, encrypt, and upload everything to dual cloud accounts.
  • Schedule embassy legalisation appointments if your country is outside the Hague Convention.
  • Pack original documents in a waterproof folder and keep in carry-on, not checked luggage.

What to Do If You Arrive Without a Required Document

Most embassies abroad can issue an Emergency Travel Document or notarised copy within 48 hours, but they cannot apostille foreign records. Use a professional courier in your home country (DHL / FedEx Priority) and request “copy certification” to bridge the gap while the original is en route. Always carry digital, signed PDFs on an encrypted USB to satisfy interim KYC checks at banks or telecom shops.


Turning Paperwork Into Peace of Mind

Legal documents are the bedrock of residency, finance, health care, and family stability abroad. Treat them like a well-diversified portfolio: multiple originals, multiple formats, multiple jurisdictions. With a complete kit, you can secure a SIM card, sign a lease, open a multicurrency account, and even undergo surgery without bureaucratic gridlock—freeing you to focus on the reason you moved in the first place.